(1906-1989)

Image 3.24 | Photo of Samuel Beckett

Photographer | Roger Pic Source | Wikimedia Commons License | Public Domain

Samuel Beckett was born in Dublin to a Protestant family; his father, William Frank Beckett, worked as a quantity suveyor; his mother, Mary Jones Roe, as a nurse. He was educated first at Portora Royal School, where Oscar Wilde was educated, then at Trinity College, where he earned his Bachelor’s degree.

After graduating, Beckett moved to Paris to work as an English Lecturer at the Ecole Normale Superieure. In Paris, he met and became friends with James Joyce, eventually assisting him in his research and serving as Joyce’s amenuensis, due to Joyce’s failing eyesight. Beckett also published critical essays on modernist writers, including T. S. Eliot and Joyce, short stories, and the novel Murphy (1938), which he later translated into French. Beckett remained in Paris during the Nazi Occupation of WWII. He served as a courier for the French Resistance, but fled to of Rousillon in Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur when his unit was betrayed to the Gestapo. In Rousillon, he continued to help the Resistance by storing arms and ammunition at his home.

After the war, Beckett was decorated with the Croix de Guerre and the Medaille de la Resistance by the French government. He returned to Paris where he wrote, in French, the novel Malloy (1951), which garnered him critical attention, followed by the play Waiting for Godot (1953), also written in French, which earned him international fame.

Beckett wrote several novels and plays in the absurdist vein, experimenting with, deconstructing and minimalizing language, style, and structural elements like plot/action, setting, and character. His work is characterized by a sense of meaninglessness and futility in the world, by a despair expressed through gallows humor, and by a mysterious and determined will to live.

In 1969, Beckett won the Nobel Prize for Literature. He died of respiratory disease in 1989.

3.11.1 Waiting for Godot

Act I

http://www.samuel-beckett.net/Penelope/Act I.html

Act II

http://www.samuel-beckett.net/Penelope/Act II.html

Image 3.25 | The Tree of Crows Artist | Caspar David Friedrich Source | Wikimedia Commons License | Public Domain

3.11.2 Reading and Review Questions

1. What, if any, absurd dramatic and/or thematic elements does Waiting for Godot possess? Why, and to what effect?

1. How do the characters in Waiting for Godot compare to the characters in The Waste Land? What, if anything, do they share in terms of their motivations, or lack thereof; their development, or lack thereof; and their self-realization, or lack thereof? Are the characters in Waiting for Godot individuals or generalizations, and why?

2. Does Waiting for Godot contain a solvable or unsolvable puzzle, or riddle? Why, or why not?

3. What, if anything, is the relationship of the characters in Waiting for Godot to their world? By what means does Beckett present this relationship, if any? What, if anything, is the relationship of the characters to each other? How do we know? What, if anything, is Beckett suggesting about relationships or relations?