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table of contents
Chapter 18
Overview of Specific Adaptive Immunity
Antibodies
Antigen-Antibody Interactions
Major Histocompatibility Complexes and Antigen- Presenting Cells
Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)
T Lymphocytes and Cellular Immunity
Classes of T Cells
T-Cell Receptors
Activation and Differentiation of Helper T Cells
Activation and Differentiation of Cytotoxic T Cells
Superantigens and Unregulated Activation of T Cells
B Lymphocytes and Humoral Immunity
B-Cell Receptors
Primary and Secondary Responses
Vaccines
Variolation and Vaccination
Classes of Vaccines
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 19
Hypersensitivities
Type II (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivities
Type III Hypersensitivities
Type IV Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Diagnosis of Hypersensitivities
Treatments of Hypersensitivities
Autoimmune Disorders
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Organ Transplantation and Rejection
Graft-versus-Host Disease
The Future of Transplantation
Immunodeficiency
Secondary Immunodeficiency
Cancer Immunobiology and Immunotherapy
Cancer Vaccines
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 13
Controlling Microbial Growth
Sterilization
Other Methods of Control
Measuring Microbial Control
Refrigeration and Freezing
Pressure
Desiccation
Radiation
Sonication
Filtration
Using Chemicals to Control Microorganisms
Heavy Metals
Halogens
Alcohols
Surfactants
Bisbiguanides
Alkylating Agents
Peroxygens
Supercritical Fluids
Chemical Food Preservatives
Testing the Effectiveness of Antiseptics and Disinfectants
Disk-Diffusion Method
Use-Dilution Test
In-Use Test
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 14
History of Chemotherapy and Antimicrobial Discovery
The First Antimicrobial Drugs
Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Spectrum of Activity
Dosage and Route of Administration
Drug Interactions
Mechanisms of Antibacterial Drugs
Inhibitors of Protein Biosynthesis
Inhibitors of Membrane Function
Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
Inhibitors of Metabolic Pathways
Inhibitor of ATP Synthase
Mechanisms of Other Antimicrobial Drugs
Antiprotozoan Drugs
Antihelminthic Drugs
Antiviral Drugs
Drug Resistance
Multidrug-Resistant Microbes and Cross Resistance
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Gram-Negative Pathogens
Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
Testing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobials
Dilution Tests
Current Strategies for Antimicrobial Discovery
Review Questions
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